JJ Thomson is credited with discovering the electron, as a small electrically charged part of an atom.This became the conservation of mass, which is part of our current understanding of a chemical reaction.ĭalton also made major contributions to our knowledge of chemical compounds and formulae, measuring the relative masses of elements which he found reacted together to make new chemical substances. These atoms couldn't be destroyed or created, only rearranged and combined in different ways. In the early 19th Century, John Dalton proposed his atomic theory: matter came in a variety of elements, and all the atoms of a given element were identical in mass and their other properties.Little progress was made in atomic theory until the 19th century, when a number of experiments were done and their results could be explained by atomic theory. Many cultures around the world had somewhat similar ideas – the idea that ultimately, all the complex matter in the universe is made up of much smaller, simpler substances or energies that interact with one another.īecause the technology to measure and see atoms did not exist, not many serious scientific experiments could be done to investigate them.
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